Shear crack growth in brittle materials modeled by constrained Cosserat elasticity

The propagation of in-plane shear cracks is investigated in brittle microstructured materials modeled by the constrained Cosserat elasticity. This theory introduces characteristic material lengths in order to describe the scale effects that emerge from the underlying microstructure and has proved to be very effective for modeling complex microstructured materials. An exact solution is obtained based on integral transforms and the Wiener-Hopf technique. Numerical results are presented illustrating the dependence of the stress intensity factor and the energy release rate upon the loading profile, the propagation velocity, and the characteristic material lengths of Cosserat elasticity. It is shown that depending on the Cosserat microstructural lengths the limiting crack propagation velocity can be significantly lower than the classical Rayleigh limit. Moreover, strengthening effects are observed when the characteristic material lengths become comparable to the geometrical lengths of the problem, a behavior that has been experimentally verified in fracture of ceramics.     

水下循迹航行器水动力学性能数值研究

为了研究低速水下循迹监测航行器的水动力学性能数值计算问题,采用FLUENT软件和SST剪切应力输运模型,通过雷诺时均N-S方程分析流速一定的情况下,取不同攻角、不同水平舵角作为来流条件,研究未安装推进器以及安装推进器且其安装位置不同时,航行器的升力系数、俯仰力矩系数、表面压力分布和流场速度的变化规律。结果表明:在未安装推进器以及推进器的安装位置不同时,随着攻角的变化,升力系数呈线性变化,俯仰力矩系数呈非线性变化;随着水平舵角的变化,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数呈线性变化。当推进器安装在航行器头部时,对航行器流场压力和流场速度变化影响最大;当安装在航行器尾部时,对二者影响最小。对于低速航行器,应尽量将推进器安装在中间靠后位置,以提高航行器的水动力性能。升力系数的试验结果与数值仿真结果之间最大相差7. 51%,阻力系数的试验结果与数值仿真结果最大相差5. 84%,均吻合较好。研究结果可以为低速水下循迹航行器的优化设计和发展提供理论参考。     

Suppression of forced vibration due to chip segmentation in ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V

Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V is investigated in this research. Because products made of Ti–6Al–4V alloy are usually designed for possessing low-rigidity structures or good-quality cut surfaces, machining requirements such as low cutting forces and slow rate of tool wear need to be fulfilled for realization of their precision machining. Therefore, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting is applied as a novel machining method for those products. Machinability of Ti–6Al–4V alloy by the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting with cemented carbide tools is examined to figure out suitable cutting conditions for precision machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. As experimental results, generated chips, cutting forces, and profiles of cut surfaces are indicated. A forced vibration problem occurred due to the segmented chip formation, which is also well-known in the ordinary non-vibration cutting. Therefore, characteristics of the forced vibration due to the chip segmentation are investigated in this research. Through the experiments, it is found that the frequency and magnitude of the forced vibration have relation with the average uncut chip thickness and cutting width. Especially, it is found that the averaging effect can suppress the forced vibration, i.e. the chip segmentation tends to occur randomly over the large cutting width, and hence the force fluctuations with random phases tend to cancel each other as the cutting width increases relatively against the average uncut chip thickness. Based on the investigations, a new practical strategy to suppress the forced vibration due to chip segmentation is proposed and verified. Using the proposed method significantly decreased cutting forces and good quality of surfaces are obtained when the forced vibration is suppressed compared to the ordinary non-vibration cutting results. Therefore, the results suggest that the precision machining can be realized without sacrificing the machining efficiency by increasing the width of cut and decreasing the average uncut chip thickness.     

Output feedback tracking control for rigid body attitude via immersion and invariance angular velocity observers

A novel immersion and invariance (I&I) angular velocity observer is presented for the attitude tracking control of a rigid body with the lack of angular rate. Global exponential convergence of angular velocity estimate errors are guaranteed by an innovative filter design for the estimates' Euclidean norm. The proposed method requires fewer filter states compared with existing I&I angular velocity observer designs, which achieves a simpler closed-loop structure (dynamic reduction). The observer synthesis and convergence are independent of the control torque, which leads to much convenience in establishing “separation property” when combining a proportional-derivative attitude tracking controller driven by angular velocity estimates. A rigorous stability analysis is provided to ensure the (almost) global asymptotic convergence of the overall closed-loop tracking errors, and several numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined implementation of proposed angular velocity observer and full-state feedback attitude tracking controller.     

转速对齿轮泵内流场空化强度的影响

针对齿轮泵中齿轮转速在500~3652 r/min的变转速条件下工作的实际工况,该文通过实验的方法研究了转速对某型齿轮泵内流场空化强度的影响。使用现有的齿轮泵测试实验台,对在齿轮泵转速改变的条件下,齿轮泵内流场的空化强度改变进行监测。由于空化无法直接测量,该文根据空化诱导振动理论对齿轮泵的振动进行测量,得到了齿轮泵内流场空化强度随齿轮转速上升而增强的规律。通过Pumplinx软件对内流场进行建模,利用软件特有的空化损伤模块进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明齿轮泵内流场空化强度随齿轮转速上升而增强,与实验所得规律一致。本文所总结的规律对减弱齿轮泵内流场空化强度,提升使用寿命具有一定的参考作用。     

A comprehensive study on the size-dependent hygrothermal analysis of exponentially graded microplates on elastic foundations

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of hygrothermal conditions on various behaviors, such as bending, free vibration, mechanical and thermal buckling, of exponentially graded microplates lying on two-parameter elastic foundations are investigated. The trigonometric four-variable plate theory incorporated to the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is employed to derive the equations of motion. The present MCST contains an internal material length scale parameter, thus it can capture the size effect. The microplate is assumed to be subjected to a temperature rise and moisture concentration which are varied linearly through the thickness of the plate. Based on an exponential law, the material properties of the microplate are graded only in z direction. The equations of motion are solved analytically to obtain the displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies and critical buckling load and temperature of the microplates. The present results are validated by comparing them with those previously published. The numerical examples reveal that considering the size effect and/or the elastic foundations leads to an increment in plate stiffness and thereby leads to a decrement in the deflection and an increment in eigenfrequency and buckling loads. It is also shown that the size effect is negligible for the thicker plate.     

Vibration control of laminated truncated conical shell via magnetostrictive layers

Abstract

In this study feedback control is applied to control the free vibration response of an isotropic truncated conical shell embedded with magnetostrictive layers. Classical shell theory is applied to derive the shell vibration equations. The results are derived based on the Galerkin method and the results are compared with published results and the results of finite element software in order to determine the accuracy of using method. The influence of several parameters such as the thickness of magnetostrictive layers, control gain, length and radius of the large edge of the shell on the vibration suppression of fundamental frequency is determined.     

某轻型载货车储气罐支架振动断裂分析与优化

为了有效解决某轻型载货车储气罐支架的断裂故障,首先基于建立的储气罐支架有限元模型进行振动特性分析,分析结果表明其前三阶固有频率接均处于发动机激励频率范围之外,不会产生共振。其次测试各种道路的时域载荷,测试结果表明其中角度搓板路的激励频率与储气罐支架第一阶固有频率相接近,从而引起共振,不满足振动特性要求。然后对其进行振动强度分析,分析结果表明其应力水平不达标,其最大应力点与开裂处一致。再对其进行振动疲劳寿命预测分析,分析结果表明其疲劳寿命也不达标,其危险点也与失效位置相同。再采用集成平台对储气罐支架的结构进行优化设计,优化之后其模态频率、振动强度和振动疲劳均符合性能要求,并且其重量也有所减轻,总体优化效果较佳。最后整车试验结果表明优化之后储气罐支架的振动大幅度降低,并且没有发生失效。     

操作窗口对排风柜污染物控制效果影响的实验研究

为提升排风柜的控污能力,在排风柜性能测试实验台上,采用示踪气体测试法和正交试验法,研究了操作窗口竖直开度、水平开度、面风速和操作窗口位置对排风柜前呼吸区污染物控制效果的影响。极差分析和方差分析结果表明:各因素对呼吸区污染物控制效果影响的强弱顺序依次为竖直开度、水平开度、面风速、操作窗口位置;操作窗口水平开度、竖直开度增大,排风柜对呼吸区的污染物控制效果减弱;面风速增大,控制效果增强;水平开度与竖直开度对控制浓度的影响存在较大的相关性,这2个因素对控制浓度的影响仅在另一因素达到一定水平后才能体现。     

腐蚀对模块式钢结构选煤厂设备支架振动响应影响的测试及分析

选煤厂采用模块式钢结构作为设备支架,受设备使用及养护不当造成结构构件严重腐蚀,构件截面削弱,导致结构产生过大振动,通过对结构各层振动响应测试,得到各测点水平向及竖直向振动速度幅值。经分析得出腐蚀后对结构整体刚度影响程度,为后期采取措施及安全生产提供依据。